Usual English equivalent to this Sanskrit word is 'EGO'. But, the original word 'Ahamkar' ('Aham' + 'Kar') deals with much deeper ground of meanings and implications.
The first part 'Aham' ('A' + 'Ham') has to be seen segmented as, 'Ham' = 'Amness', ('Am' = The undifferentiated ABSOLUTE Consciousness, Self)/ Noumenon. The second step is: 'A + Ham' (Aham) = 'I Am' (Individualized limited consciousness, self / Phenomenon. This is the very first step towards the formation of 'Ego' notion.)
The Vedic scheme of spirituality attributes an undivided state of CONSCIOUSNESS as the noumenal substratum, WITHIN which all sentient and insentient aspects of Creation, spring up, get sustained for a while and dissolve back into the substratum. Such a continuous creative-process has been happening forever, without a beginning and an end. But, this continuous creative-process of birth, growth, decay and death, does neither exhaust nor affect the wholeness of the undivided substratum. This state of undivided CONSCIOUSNESS exudes 'Amness', which is the root of all levels of Intelligence. Thus 'Ham' (Amness) is the generic state of 'Pristine Intelligence'.
From the above point of undivided singularity, through the causeless creative-process, infinitely teeming many 'Atman' spring up. The state of consciousness of 'Atman' is 'Aham' (I Am). A rudimentary sense of individuality gets surfaced in the 'Aham' of 'Atman'. When 'Atman' gets embodied, it is 'Jivatma' ('Jiva' + 'Atma' = 'Jivatma'). 'Jiva' = Organic existence.
The further modification in the manifested 'Atman' (Jivatma) is, their 'Aham' sense deeply identify with the respective physical structure, in a tacit manner. This strong identification brings forth the notion of independent dweller-animator role in 'Aham' (I Am). Thus an acute conditioning as 'I Am This' (Ahamkar) gets crystallized. This hardened sense of limitation as 'I Am This', further propagates an unshakable sense of 'Doership' ('Karta'). This sense of 'Doership' also includes the deception of 'Enjoyer' (Bhokta), which covers both pleasure and pain syndrome ('Sukha' and 'Dhuka').
'I Am This' sense ("Ahamkar'), unavoidably apprehends 'I Am NOT That'. There is always a hidden fear in 'I Am Not That' feeling. Thus, 'I', 'ME' and 'MINE' notions, as against the 'OTHER' and 'THEIRS' (The World) idea get deeply fortified. Such an 'Ahamkar' (Ego) wages endless battle in the world (Jagat) during the life-time, which is termed in Sanskrit as 'Samsar' (Essence of ALL false notions!)
Freedom from this is possible, only by realizing the falsity of one's assumed self-identity of 'I Am This' and 'I Am The Doer (Ahamkar). Instead of questioning as to why at all these sequence of notional identifications begin in the first place, if one is feeling the heat and dust of 'Samsar' (deceptive life), then the ONLY WAY is to experientially work backwards from one's present state and realize how much false one's self-identity (Ego) truly is! If one's house is on fire, no one wastes time in asking the cause of the fire. In like manner, let a serious 'Sadhak' (student) not get distracted by seeking causes, to find cure for one's ego ailment. Let us get on with the curative 'Sadhana' (Diligent quest) of 'Who Am I?'
Only way to end the horror of one's nightmare is to wake up! Egotic mind is not merely ticking in individuals with power and possessions. Even a derelict and a destitute are pre-occupied with egoistic outlook. Those who suffer humiliation are only hurt. Humankind seldom learns true humility. Whatever may be the hard lessons, the LIFE imparts to us, still our 'Ahamkar' stays intact! This has to be seen as the main issue of our life.
Amness - I Am - I Am This - Doer - Enjoyer - I Am Not That - Others.
Ham - Aham - Ahamkar - Karta - Bhokta - Bhaya Bhit - Jagat
(Phobia)
This is the path the Consciousness goes through from the Absolute to the
Relative state. But this entire sequence of modification is said to be only a
make-believe notion ( 'Maya'). Nothing is apart from the 'Absolute' and the CONSCIOUSNESS in its essence is 'NO-THING'! The whole show, is only a play ('Leela') of the divine! Actually 'No Creation' has taken place. What is being perceived is something like features in a dream. No reality and solidity can be attributed to dream-features. Only this 'Insight' can result in a living, as the water drops on a lotus-leaf. The water drops are on the leaf, yet not attached (sticking) to the leaf. Thus, one lives 'in' the world, but not 'of' the world. Detachment born out of such bird's eye view only can comprehensively dissolve 'Ahamkar' (EGO).
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